| DISCOURSE MARKERS |
discourse markers in writing |
B2 |
FORM/USE: SUMMARISING, FORMAL
Can use a range of phrases as discourse markers to summarise. |
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Details |
| DISCOURSE MARKERS |
discourse markers in writing |
C1 |
FORM/USE: TEXTUAL REFERENCE
Can use a range of phrases as discourse markers to point to other parts of a text. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
A2 |
FORM: REPORTED STATEMENTS WITH 'SAY', PRONOUN SHIFT
Can report statements using a reporting clause with 'say' + 'that-'clause, with a pronoun shift where relevant. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
A2 |
FORM: REPORTED STATEMENTS WITH 'TELL', PRONOUN SHIFT
Can report statements using a reporting clause with 'tell' + direct object + 'that-'clause, with a pronoun shift where relevant. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B1 |
FORM: REPORTED STATEMENTS, PRONOUN AND TENSE SHIFT
Can report statements using a reporting clause with 'say' or 'tell' + 'that-'clause, with a pronoun and tense shift where relevant. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B1 |
FORM: REPORTED 'YES-NO' QUESTIONS
Can report questions using 'ask' + 'if' or 'whether' + clause, with a pronoun and tense shift where relevant. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B1 |
FORM: REPORTED 'WH-' QUESTIONS
Can report 'wh-'questions using a reporting verb + 'wh-'word + clause, with a change of pronoun and tense shift where relevant. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B1 |
FORM/USE: 'WONDER', REPORTED THOUGHT
Can report thought using 'wonder' + 'wh-'word + clause, with a tense shift where relevant. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B1 |
FORM: DIRECT SPEECH, REPORTING CLAUSE, INITIAL POSITION
Can report speech and thought directly, using the reporting verb before the reporting clause. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B1 |
FORM: DIRECT SPEECH, REPORTING CLAUSE, END POSITION
Can report speech and thought directly using the reporting verb after the reporting clause. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B1 |
FORM: REPORTED REQUESTS AND COMMANDS
Can report requests and commands with 'ask' or 'tell' + direct object and 'to-'infinitive. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B1 |
FORM/USE: TEMPORAL SHIFTS, FUTURE
Can report speech about events in the future with and without backshifts for words relating to time. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B2 |
FORM: DIRECT SPEECH, REPORTING CLAUSE, MID POSITION
Can report speech and thought directly using the reporting verb in the mid position of the reported clause. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B2 |
FORM: DIRECT SPEECH, REPORTING CLAUSE, INVERTED SUBJECT
Can report speech directly inverting the subject and verb in the reporting clause where the subject is a proper noun or noun phrase. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B2 |
FORM: MODIFICATION, REPORTING VERB + ADVERB
Can modify the reporting verb with an adverb. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B2 |
FORM: REPORTED REQUESTS AND COMMANDS, NEGATIVE
Can report requests and commands with 'ask' or 'tell' + direct object + 'not' + 'to-'infinitive. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B2 |
FORM/USE: CITATION, PRESENT SIMPLE
Can use the present simple form of the reporting verb to report information from a written source and a present tense verb in the reported clause. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B2 |
FORM/USE: REPORTING VERBS, PAST CONTINUOUS
Can use the past continuous of the reporting verb to report mental processes, with a finite or non-finite 'wh-'clause in the reported clause. |
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Details |
| REPORTED SPEECH |
reported speech |
B2 |
FORM/USE: TEMPORAL SHIFTS, PAST
Can report speech about events in the past with backshifts for tenses and words relating to time. |
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Details |
| FOCUS |
focus |
A2 |
FORM/USE: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES, FRONTING
Can use prepositional phrases in the front position for focus. |
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Details |
