| Element | FORM/USE: SUMMARISING, FORMAL |
|---|---|
| SuperCat | DISCOURSE MARKERS |
| SubCat | discourse markers in writing |
| Lexical Range | N/A |
| Level | B2 |
| Cando | Can use a range of phrases as discourse markers to summarise. |
| Corrected Learner Example | Thus, I would be very grateful if you would send me clear explanations of the following points: firstly, I would like you to specify what 'the normal price' is, and therefore what would be the cost of two nights. (Spain; B2 VANTAGE; 1997; Spanish - European; Pass) Consequently, visiting zoos can help people learn about nature. (Spain; B2 VANTAGE; 1993; Spanish - European; Pass) Hence, there is a great need to improve the situation of those animals so that their life would not become life imprisonment. (Poland; B2 VANTAGE; 1993; Polish; Pass) Therefore, we are likely to enter the market as a pioneer, which will have a lot of benefits. (China; B2 VANTAGE; 2008; Chinese; Pass) |
| Uncorrected Learner Example | |
| Comments | Even though 'in sum' and 'To sum up' have a summarising function they are very much markers of closings. 'Thus', 'Hence', etc. have more of a clausal summarising function. |
