| Element | FORM: 'NONE', SUBSTITUTION |
|---|---|
| SuperCat | PRONOUNS |
| SubCat | quantity |
| Lexical Range | N/A |
| Level | C1 |
| Cando | Can use pronouns 'none' to substitute for subject and object pronouns. ► pronouns: substitution |
| Corrected Learner Example | As for disadvantages, in fact, I see none. (Russia; C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 2008; Russian; Pass) As for social life organized by the school, there was none . (France; C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 1993; French; Pass) The costs saved without external consultants would be higher than the costs for this course . Opportunity costs: None. (Switzerland; C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 2000; German; Pass) I started learning the language when I was seven. Problems when using English? None. (Spain; C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 1993; Spanish - European; Pass) |
| Uncorrected Learner Example | As for disadvantages, in fact, I see none. (Russia; C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 2008; Russian; Pass) As for social life organized by the school there was none. (France; C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 1993; French; Pass) The costs saved without external consultants would be higher than the costs for this course . Opportunity costs: None. (Switzerland; C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 2000; German; Pass) I started learning the language when I was seven, just step by step and since the very beginning I felt as I had an axe to grind in the subject. Problems when using English? None. (Spain; C1 EFFECTIVE OPERATIONAL PROFICIENCY; 1993; Spanish - European; Pass) |
| Comments | None on its own mainly occurs as a short response so we imagine it would be higher frequency in spoken data as it needs interaction. There are lots of none of examples (see determiners: quantity) but very few correct examples of None as a pronoun. Lots of error with no-one. |
