| Element | FORM/USE: '-ING' CLAUSE |
|---|---|
| SuperCat | CLAUSES |
| SubCat | subordinated |
| Lexical Range | N/A |
| Level | B2 |
| Cando | Can use a non-finite clause, introduced by '-ing' before a main clause, to give more information. |
| Corrected Learner Example | Having no choice, I sat down on a bench which was in the middle of the road to wait for the rain to stop. (Brazil; B2 VANTAGE; 1993; Portuguese; Pass) Using his best smile, Paul asked her if he could sit beside her. (Chile; B2 VANTAGE; 1997; Spanish - Latin American; Pass) Having analysed the data I have concluded that CTP Translations would suit our company best. (Russia; B2 VANTAGE; 2000; Russian; Pass) |
| Uncorrected Learner Example | |
| Comments | Note negative pattern develops at C1: 'Not knowing the North of London very well it took me quite a long time to get there.' Note also the examples of the perfect form as well here. |
