Language Research

may · modal verb

/meɪ/Full view

may (POSSIBLY HAPPEN)

A2 used to talk about what will possibly happen

Dictionary examples:

We may go to France later this year.

I may see you tomorrow - it depends on when we leave.

The cause of the accident may never be discovered.

Learner example:

Then we may go sightseeing. (Key English Test; A2; Turkish)

may (POSSIBLY TRUE)

B1 used to talk about what is possibly true

Dictionary examples:

There may be other problems that we don't know about.

I think I may be getting a cold.

Learner example:

I know it may be difficult, because [it] is not that easy to find [a] house, but please can you do your best and find something for us very soon. (Skills for Life (Entry 3); B1; Slovak)

may (PERMISSION)

B1 used to ask or give permission

Dictionary examples:

May I be excused, please?

"May I help myself to some more food?" "Yes, of course."

You may begin.

Hi, my name's Tiffany. How may I help you?

Learner example:

Dear Friends, May I sug[g]est [that] you spend your time in the city. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

may have

B2 used to talk about things that possibly happened in the past or might possibly have happened by a certain time in the future

Dictionary examples:

The explosion may have been caused by a faulty electrical connection.

That may not have been Mike's brother you met - I think his cousin is staying with him at the moment.

Helen may have already left by the time you arrive.

Learner example:

Besides, your report is full of mistakes, so it seem[s] to me that you may not have been well informed. (First Certificate in English; B2; Spanish)

may as well do sth

C1 used to suggest doing something when there is no reason you should not do it or there is no better thing to do

Dictionary examples:

We may as well start the meeting - the others will be here soon.

If the stores are closed, we may as well go home.

Learner example:

We can reduce costs, taking adv[a]ntage of their special offer. We may as well cut o[u]r costs, taking group discounts. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Polish)