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Language Research - Words
lack · noun /læk/Full view
lack of sth
B1 not having something, or not having enough of something
Dictionary examples:

Your problem is lack of confidence.

Lack of sleep had made him irritable.

If he fails it won't be through lack of effort.

She certainly has no lack of friends.

a lack of money

Learner example:

If you like nature, wish to see tropical birds, which are rare in your country, or just wish to have a pleasant time, the countryside is the best option, [despite] the lack of nightlife. (Preliminary English Test; B1; Portuguese)

lack · verb T /læk/
lack
B2 to not have any or not have enough of something that is needed or wanted
Dictionary examples:

She just lacks a little confidence.

He’s totally lacking a sense of humor.

What we lack in this house is space to store things.

Learner example:

He lacks confidence due to such a terrible appearance. (First Certificate in English; B2; Korean)

be lacking in sth
C1 to not have a quality
Dictionary example:

He's totally lacking in charm of any sort.

Learner example:

On the other hand, Japanese children are lacking in creativity and originality. (Certificate in Advanced English; C1; Japanese)

be lacking
C2 If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it.
Dictionary example:

Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past few months at work.

Learner example:

And, last not least, I would really like to show them the importance and beauty of our cultural heritage which was lacking in my upbringing. (Certificate of Proficiency in English; C2; German)

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